November

Since the time of Guru Nanak the principles of freedom, justice and equality have been paramount to Sikh ideology. A willingness to defend against intolerance, oppression and tyranny in whatever form it raised its head became clearly defined as the social, moral and religious duty of every Sikh. With the Sixth Guru, Hargobind Singh Ji, the importance of balancing the dual responsibilities of daily life - secular and spiritual (Miri and Piri) - both in word and action was entrenched as part of the observances of Faith. The obligation to defend the weak and oppressed was further emphasized by the Tenth Guru, Gobind Singh Ji, in his creation of the Khalsa (community of saint-soldiers) and granting of permission to use force, if necessary, but only as a last resort. Earlier, the Ninth Guru, Tegh Bahadur Ji, had become the ultimate symbol of Sikh teachings on selfless service, when he was executed by the ruling authorities for championing the rights of another religious community, the Hindus.

Given this background and the ensuing history of battling tyranny and oppression, Sikhs developed a reputation as brave and chivalrous soldiers. During the British Raj, they came to be known as the “Sword Arm of India”. During India’s Independence struggle, they accounted for almost 80% of all sacrifices - including imprisonment, torture, exile and death. In Independent India they continue to enjoy an impeccable reputation as the Nation’s best soldiers, and the Sikh regiments remain amongst the most highly decorated.

Throughout World War I and II, Sikhs were the backbone of the Allied Forces on many crucial fronts. Numbering 100,000 in the Great War alone, they were the largest volunteer group (around 20 % of the total contribution from India) - despite being only 2% of the Indian population. They received an outstanding number of awards for gallantry including several Victoria Crosses. This print shows Sikh troops on the road to Peking but they served in all corners of the globe beyond the Far East from Burma to Gallipole and Flanders.